Global Congress on Nucleic Acids: Biology, Health & Diseases August 04-05, 2016 New Orleans, LA, USA

There are various enzyme used for DNA replication, transcription and translation. For replication DNA and RNA polymerases are used. To stop the chain reaction DNA and RNA methyl transferases are used. Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes), also termed catalytic RNA, are RNA molecules that are capable of catalysing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes. Various researches are made to study the Scope of Ribozyme Catalytic Activities. While transcription, enzyme uses to ligate the nicks are RNA ligases.

Relevant conferences:  International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA;   International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA; 2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 6^th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016 Berlin, Germany; Gordon Research Conference on DNA Damage, Mutation & Cancer, March 13-18, 2016 Ventura, CA ; 5^th Zing Nucleic Acids Conference, December 02-05, 2016 Tampa, USA; 18^th International Conference on Total Transcription, February 22 - 23, 2016 Paris, France; EMBL Conference on Transcription and Chromatin, August 27–30, 2016 EMBL Heidelberg, Germany; 18^th International Conference on Enzymes in Drug Discovery, February 11 - 12, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Nucleic acids Therapeutics  encompass a vast array of approaches with a set of key considerations based on their size and mechanism of action like aptamers, antisense, small interfering RNA (siRNA), exon skipping, RNA editing. Medicinal promise of pre transcription & post- transcriptional gene silencing (PPTGS) using oligodeoxynucleotides, small interfering RNA, microRNA and other nucleic acid based molecules can be developed into effective drugs for the treatment of many common diseases that are generally responsible for a great deal of human suffering. Numerous types of cancer are known to have abnormal genes that are useful in disease states. These genes are attractive targets to approach for treatment of wide range of cancers. In different experimental systems nucleic-acid-based molecules have been shown to be very effective tools for adjusting gene expression in a sequence specific manner. Thereby they appear to be one of the most promising cancer therapeutics. They are more specialized and low toxic than conventional chemotherapy.

Relevant Conferences:      

International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ;   International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 13^th International Conference on Nanotek and Expo, December 05-07, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona, USA; 8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA;  2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA; XXII International Roundtable on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids,
 on July 18-22, 2016 at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; 5^th Zing Nucleic Acids Conference, December 02-05, 2016 Tampa, USA; 18^th International Conference on Nucleic Acids, January 07-08, 2016 Singapore; The 30^th Anniversary Symposium of the Protein Society, July 16-19, 2016 Baltimore, USA; RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan

Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry, biology, and physics. It involves the application of chemical techniques, tools, and analyses, and often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. Together with proteins, nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules; each are found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information. In other words, information is conveyed through the nucleic acid sequence, or the order of nucleotides within a DNA or RNA molecule. There are Novel methods of delivery of nucleic acids. Strings of nucleotides strung together in a specific sequence are the mechanism for storing and transmitting hereditary or genetic information via protein synthesis. With the help of Cellular and in vivo targeting applications of nucleic acids we can get the insight of the molecules. Techniques for Novel synthesis or modifications of nucleic acids are being developed through which we can selection nucleic acids for its function. With the latest inventions, Nanotechnology and nanomaterial development using nucleic acid, are in great practice.

Relevant Conferences:      

International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 13^th International Conference on Nanotek and Expo, December 05-07, 2016 Phoenix, USA; 8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA;  2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA; XXII International Roundtable on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids,
 on July 18-22, 2016 at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; 5^th Zing Nucleic Acids Conference, December 02-05, 2016 Tampa, USA; 18^th International Conference on Nucleic Acids, January 07-08, 2016 Singapore; The 30^th Anniversary Symposium of the Protein Society, July 16-19, 2016 Baltimore, USA; RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan

RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequencing – viruses and transposons.

Relevant Conferences: Nucleic Acids Conferences | Biochemistry Conferences

8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA; 2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 3^rd World Congress on Pharmacology, August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA;  International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; Keystone Symposia Conference on Non coding RNAs in Health and Disease, Feburary 21-24, 2016 Santa Fe, USA; Abcam Conference on Chromatin, Non-Coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease,  Mar 29, 2016 Austin, USA; Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Small RNA Silencing: Little Guides, Big Biology (A6), January 24-28, 2016; 18^th International Conference on Nucleic Acids, January 07-08, 2016 Singapore; RuÄ‘er Bošković Institute Conference on Game of Epigenomics, April 24-26, 2016 Dubrovnik, Croatia;

One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function whereby mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. To discuss the problems like How RNA molecules behave and misbehave, this process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) links amino acids together to form proteins. Making and using RNA in the nucleus is the process which initiates translation. Fate of RNA in the cytoplasm and further process like translation and degradation are some of the major steps in protein expression. Different variants of RNA like Non Coding mRNA are also produced.

Relevant Conferences: 

8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA; 2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 3^rd World Congress on Pharmacology, August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA;  International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; Keystone Symposia Conference on Non coding RNAs in Health and Disease, February 21-24, 2016 Santa Fe, USA; Abcam Conference on Chromatin, Non-Coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease,  Mar 29, 2016 Austin, USA; Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Small RNA Silencing: Little Guides, Big Biology (A6), January 24-28, 2016 Keystone Resort Conference Center, 0633 Tennis Club Rd Dillon; RuÄ‘er Bošković Institute Conference on Game of Epigenomics, April 24-26, 2016 Dubrovnik, Croatia; 2016 Conference on RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan

Sequencing is the process of determining the order of nucleotide bases (A,C,T and G) within the stretch of DNA. The sequence of DNA encodes the necessary information for living things to survive and reproduce. Determining the sequence is therefore useful in fundamental research into why and how organisms live, as well as in applied subjects. Because of the key importance DNA has to living things, knowledge of DNA sequencing are useful in practically any area of biological research. For example, in medicine it can be used to identify, diagnose, and potentially develop treatments for genetic diseases. Similarly, research intopathogens may lead to treatments for contagious diseases. Biotechnology is a burgeoning discipline, with the potential for many useful products and services.

Relevant Conferences: 

8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA; 2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 3^rd World Congress on Pharmacology, August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA;  International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; Keystone Symposia Conference on Non coding RNAs in Health and Disease, February 21-24, 2016 Santa Fe, USA; Abcam Conference on Chromatin, Non-Coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease,  Mar 29, 2016 Austin, USA; Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Small RNA Silencing:, January 24-28, 2016 Keystone Resort Conference Center,RuÄ‘er Bošković;  Conference on Game of Epigenomics, April 24-26, 2016 Dubrovnik, Croatia; 2016 Conference on RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan

Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signalling molecule activates Protein phosphorylation networks located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events like G-proteins in cellular regulation inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism and Mechanisms of signalling specificity in cell fate, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signalling molecule can cause many responses like control of dna replication initiation and genomic stability.

Relevant Conferences: Nucleic Acids Conferences | Biochemistry Conferences

3^rd World Congress on Pharmacology, August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA; 2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA;  International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; Keystone Symposia Conference on Non coding RNAs in Health and Disease, February 21-24, 2016 Santa Fe, USA; Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Small RNA Silencing: Little Guides, Big Biology (A6), January 24-28, 2016 Keystone Resort Conference Center, Bošković; Institute Conference on Game of Epigenomics, April 24-26, 2016 Dubrovnik, Croatia; 2016 Conference on RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan; Abcam Conference on Chromatin, Non-Coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease,  Mar 29, 2016 Austin, USA

Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation. Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. Virtually any step of gene expression can be modulated, from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein.

Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. Histone, DNA modifying enzymes and chromatin remodelling factors are major area to concentrate.

Relevant Conferences: Nucleic Acids Conferences | Biochemistry Conferences

2^nd   International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia USA; 6^th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA; International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Conference on Molecular Genetics, November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; Gordon Research Conference on Chromatin Structure & Function, May 22-27, 2016 Les Diablerets, Switzerland; Keystone Symposia on Chromatin and Epigenetics (C2), March 20-24, 2016 Whistler, Canada; 18^th International Conference on Epigenetics, Chromatin and Transcription, January 07-08, 2016 Singapore;  2^nd Epigenomics & Novel Therapeutic Targets, May 26-27, 2016 Boston, USA; 2016

Protein modifications by formaldehyde treatment and histological processing have frustrated attempts to use FFPE tissues for proteomic analyses due to the difficulty in extracting representative proteins. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like modifications are some of the examples. This limitation has restricted studies of diseases that evolve slowly or for those where the time between treatment and recurrence is long, such as prostate and breast cancer. The Multivesicular body and endocytosis are being studied for investigating these diseases. Coupling the medical history and pathology information from FFPE tissues with proteomic investigations would produce a wealth of practical information on important human diseases and will also unveil the Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. Major change in the structure can be caused by Regulatory thiol modifications.

Relevant Conferences:  6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics, March 29-30, 2016 Atlanta, USA; World Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Baltimore, USA; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA;  International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; : 3^rd World Congress on Pharmacology, August 08-10, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Keystone Symposia on Ubiquitin Signaling (X3), March 13—17, 2016 Whistler, British Columbia, Canada; Gordon Research Conference on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins, June 26 - July 1, 2016 Les Diablerets, Switzerland; BITS 9^th Annual World Protein & Peptide Conference, April 25-28, 2016; International conference center,Dalian,China; Keystone Symposia on Neurological Disorders of Intracellular Trafficking (A7), January 31—February 4, 2016 Colorado, USA; ;  XXII International Roundtable on Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids,
 on July 18-22, 2016 at Institut Pasteur – Paris, France.

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA cross linkages .The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states.

Relevant conferences: 

International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 08-09, 2016 Dallas, USA ; International Conference on Biochemistry, October 13-15, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 13^th International Conference on Nanotek and Expo, December 05-07, 2016 Phoenix, USA; 8th International Conference on Proteomics, March 20-22, 2017 Philadelphia, USA;  2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA; XXII International Roundtable on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids,
 on July 18-22, 2016 at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; 5^th Zing Nucleic Acids Conference, December 02-05, 2016 Tampa, USA; 18^th International Conference on Nucleic Acids, January 07-08, 2016 Singapore; The 30^th Anniversary Symposium of the Protein Society, July 16-19, 2016 Baltimore, USA; RNA 2016, Kyoto, Japan

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